Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes for restoration of spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia: a systemic review

Abstract Stem cells have been introduced as new promising therapeutic agents in treatment of degenerative diseases because having high differentiation potential while maintaining the ability to self-replicate and retaining features their source cells. Among different type cell therapies, mesenchymal stromal/stem (MSC) therapy is being increasingly developed a way treat structural defects that need be repaired regenerated. Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) reproductive disease men causes infertility 10% infertile men. Based on vitro studies, MSCs from tissue sources differentiated into germ or gamete progenitor by simple methods both male female. On other hand, effects evaluated for NOA animal models created chemical surgical compounds. The results these studies confirmed successful allotransplantation xenotransplantation seminiferous tubules. As well, it has reported exosomes secreted are able induce process spermatogenesis testes models. Despite numerous advances women with help exosomes, no clinical trial terminated NOA. This systematic review attempts investigate possibility MSC